general promotion
Acıbadem Healthcare Group provides services in hospitals and medical centers with a holistic approach for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
In addition to blood sugar control in the management of diabetes and preventive treatments against the complications of the disease, diabetes patients are informed about life with diabetes through Diabetes Schools and training activities are carried out.
At Acıbadem, where diabetes is approached with a team spirit, patients are evaluated by a diabetes team consisting of an endocrinologist and/or internal medicine physician, diabetes nurse and dietitians; Diagnosis and treatment services are offered with approaches suitable for the patient’s medical condition and lifestyle.
What is Diabetes?
Diabetes mellitus, or diabetes mellitus (Diabetes Mellitus), is the general name given to the types and groups of diseases that develop due to high blood sugar resulting from the inability of the pancreas to produce enough insulin for the body or the inability to use the insulin it produces effectively by the body.
The energy need of the human body is provided from carbohydrates, proteins and fats in the foods taken. One of the most important parts that come out when grinding these nutrients are simple sugars called “glucose”.
Glucose is the most important nutrient source for all organs of the body. Cells use the glucose they need with the help of the hormone insulin, which is secreted by the pancreas, which allows sugar to enter the cell and store it as glycogen.
Diabetes can occur in several different types. In type 1 diabetes, the body’s natural production of insulin is reduced. In type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes, the body develops resistance to the action of insulin. As a result of these two conditions, high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) occurs. The type of diabetes that has not yet fully emerged is called latent diabetes or pre-diabetes.
Symptoms
What are the Symptoms of Diabetes (Diabetes)?
Both Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes share some of the same warning signs. Among these are hunger and fatigue, which are felt despite the consumption of normal meals.
If the body does not produce enough insulin, which the cells need to take glucose, or if the cells resist the insulin produced by the body, they cannot gain energy because they cannot take in glucose. This makes the person feel more hungry and tired than usual.
Excessive urine production is one of the acute symptoms of diabetes. This is due to hyperglycemia. Another symptom of diabetes, as a result of efforts to balance excessive urine production, is increased thirst and the need for daily fluid consumption.
Because the body removes existing fluids with urine, it can reserve much less water for its remaining activities. As a result, dry mouth and itching are felt on the skin that remains dry.
Changes in fluid balances in the body can cause swelling of the eye lenses. Lenses that change shape will have difficulty focusing correctly and cause blurry vision.
Unexplained and unplanned weight loss, and longer-than-normal healing time of cuts and wounds are among the general symptoms of diabetes.
What is Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes is a very common condition that causes the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood to be too high. However, the symptoms of Type 2 diabetes may not be easily noticed, as they do not always make people feel bad.
It is the situation in which the cells of the body gain resistance against the normally produced insulin, and therefore cannot benefit from the sugar in the blood. Excess weight, sedentary lifestyle, stress, family history of diabetes and advancing age are among the causes of Type 2 diabetes.
It increases the likelihood of serious problems with the heart and nerves, as well as symptoms such as normally excessive thirst, frequent urination and fatigue. Type 2 diabetes is a condition that will affect a person’s daily life for life. It may require dietary changes, medication, and regular medical checkups to get it under control.
What is Type 1 Diabetes?
Type 1 Diabetes, or Type 1 diabetes, is a condition in which the body cannot produce enough insulin to control blood sugar. As a result, the sugar (glucose) level in the blood reaches very high values.
In type 1 diabetes, daily injections of insulin are needed to keep blood sugar levels under control. Type 1 diabetes usually occurs at a young age. It is caused by the body’s own immune system attacking the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas.
Type 1 diabetes can cause diabetic ketoacidosis, or DKA. DKA occurs when there is a severe lack of insulin in the body. The body, which cannot use sugar for energy, starts to benefit from the stored fat in the body instead. While stored fat is used by the body, chemicals called ketones are left behind.
If this situation is not controlled, ketones accumulate in the blood and increase the acid value of the blood. Especially
Individuals who are unaware of having Type 1 diabetes, especially children, may not be diagnosed before it worsens due to DKA. Therefore, it is important to detect the signs and symptoms of DKA so that they can be treated quickly.
These include primarily unplanned weight loss. If the body cannot get energy from food, it will instead start burning existing muscle and fat for energy. This is why you start losing weight without changing your diet and movement style. The ketones that the body produces when burning fat can cause nausea and vomiting. Ketones can rise to dangerous levels in the blood that can be life-threatening.
What is Gastational Diabetes?
Gestational diabetes mellitus is caused by the inability of pancreatic cells, which could secrete enough insulin before pregnancy, to secrete enough insulin as pregnancy progresses.
For this reason, blood sugar may rise during pregnancy even if there were no signs of diabetes in the past. This condition usually resolves spontaneously at the end of pregnancy. Those who have diabetes in their family, those over 30 years old and those who are overweight are at risk of diabetes during pregnancy.
What is hidden sugar?
Under normal conditions, if the blood sugar level of the individual is higher than normal but not enough to diagnose diabetes, this situation is defined as latent diabetes or pre-diabetes.
As a result of the researches, it has been determined that Type 2 diabetes is seen in people with hidden sugar, usually within 10 years. It is seen that healthy eating and adopting a more active lifestyle are effective methods in order to prevent and delay the transformation of hidden diabetes into Type 2 diabetes.
Treatment Methods
Diabetes (Diabetes) Treatment
Diabetes is a chronic disease and there is no definite cure. However, keeping the blood sugar level within normal limits is important for minimizing the effects of the disease.
For this, patient education, controlling the patient’s own blood sugar, proper nutrition and adequate exercise are of great importance in reducing the risk of complications in the long term.
In addition to these, it is imperative not to smoke and to keep blood pressure and cholesterol levels under control in order to reduce the risk of high cardiovascular disease caused by diabetes.
The use of antidiabetic drugs for Type 2 diabetes and insulin therapy for Type 1 diabetes are the methods used to control diabetes with medication.
Although it has been seen that blood sugar levels can be returned to normal by 80% to 100% as a result of gastric bypass surgery, which is normally applied to overweight diabetics, it is not a commonly applied solution.
Diabetes in Children
Insulin is one of the most important hormones in balancing sugar, which is the body’s nutrition source. Diabetes mellitus, in other words diabetes, is seen due to disruptions in this hormone.
Although it is generally known as an adult disease, it can also be detected in children with the increase in awareness about the subject recently.
Diabetes; It is divided into Type 1 and Type 2. In Type 1 diabetes, which used to be called “insulin dependent diabetes”, damage occurs in the pancreatic cells, where the insulin hormone, which provides the entry of sugar in the bloodstream to the tissues, is produced.
Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, occurs as a result of insensitivity of the tissues to the hormone insulin, and therefore the inability of the sugar in the bloodstream to enter the tissues.
Causes of Diabetes in Children
It is not known exactly what causes diabetes in children. Even if there are individuals with diabetes in the family, children may be prone to diabetes. However, this genetic inheritance does not cause diabetes in every child.
Type 1 diabetes can occur due to the destruction of the cells of the pancreas that help produce insulin, caused by problems arising from the immune system.
Although type 2 diabetes is mostly seen in adulthood, it can rarely occur in children. Especially overweight (obesity) and insufficient physical activity can cause diabetes to occur in children who are predisposed to type 2 diabetes.
Symptoms of Diabetes in Children
Diabetes, which is caused by the deterioration of the processes in which the insulin hormone is involved, occurs with a number of symptoms in children. Some of those:
Increased urine output, bedwetting
Excessive thirst and water consumption
dry mouth
feeling of extreme hunger
Tiredness
weight loss
Irritability and depression
In addition to these, it is possible to encounter findings that can be caused by a picture called diabetic ketoacidosis, which is caused by excessive elevation of blood sugar, in children with diabetes who are not treated or whose treatment is disrupted:
Confusion or loss of consciousness
deep and rapid breathing
skin dryness
Stomach ache
Vomiting
Fruity or acetone odor on the breath
If symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis occur, apply to a health care provider.